1.0.0[−][src]Trait std::iter::FromIterator

pub trait FromIterator<A> {
    fn from_iter<T>(iter: T) -> Self
    where
        T: IntoIterator<Item = A>;
}

Conversion from an Iterator.

By implementing FromIterator for a type, you define how it will be created from an iterator. This is common for types which describe a collection of some kind.

FromIterator's from_iter is rarely called explicitly, and is instead used through Iterator's collect method. See collect's documentation for more examples.

See also: IntoIterator.

Examples

Basic usage:

use std::iter::FromIterator;

let five_fives = std::iter::repeat(5).take(5);

let v = Vec::from_iter(five_fives);

assert_eq!(v, vec![5, 5, 5, 5, 5]);Run

Using collect to implicitly use FromIterator:

let five_fives = std::iter::repeat(5).take(5);

let v: Vec<i32> = five_fives.collect();

assert_eq!(v, vec![5, 5, 5, 5, 5]);Run

Implementing FromIterator for your type:

use std::iter::FromIterator;

// A sample collection, that's just a wrapper over Vec<T>
#[derive(Debug)]
struct MyCollection(Vec<i32>);

// Let's give it some methods so we can create one and add things
// to it.
impl MyCollection {
    fn new() -> MyCollection {
        MyCollection(Vec::new())
    }

    fn add(&mut self, elem: i32) {
        self.0.push(elem);
    }
}

// and we'll implement FromIterator
impl FromIterator<i32> for MyCollection {
    fn from_iter<I: IntoIterator<Item=i32>>(iter: I) -> Self {
        let mut c = MyCollection::new();

        for i in iter {
            c.add(i);
        }

        c
    }
}

// Now we can make a new iterator...
let iter = (0..5).into_iter();

// ... and make a MyCollection out of it
let c = MyCollection::from_iter(iter);

assert_eq!(c.0, vec![0, 1, 2, 3, 4]);

// collect works too!

let iter = (0..5).into_iter();
let c: MyCollection = iter.collect();

assert_eq!(c.0, vec![0, 1, 2, 3, 4]);Run

Required methods

fn from_iter<T>(iter: T) -> Self where
    T: IntoIterator<Item = A>, 

Creates a value from an iterator.

See the module-level documentation for more.

Examples

Basic usage:

use std::iter::FromIterator;

let five_fives = std::iter::repeat(5).take(5);

let v = Vec::from_iter(five_fives);

assert_eq!(v, vec![5, 5, 5, 5, 5]);Run
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Implementations on Foreign Types

impl<T, S> FromIterator<T> for HashSet<T, S> where
    S: BuildHasher + Default,
    T: Eq + Hash, 

impl<K, V, S> FromIterator<(K, V)> for HashMap<K, V, S> where
    K: Eq + Hash,
    S: BuildHasher + Default, 

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Implementors

impl FromIterator<char> for String[src]

impl FromIterator<()> for ()[src]

Collapses all unit items from an iterator into one.

This is more useful when combined with higher-level abstractions, like collecting to a Result<(), E> where you only care about errors:

use std::io::*;
let data = vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
let res: Result<()> = data.iter()
    .map(|x| writeln!(stdout(), "{}", x))
    .collect();
assert!(res.is_ok());Run

impl FromIterator<String> for String[src]

impl<'a> FromIterator<&'a char> for String[src]

impl<'a> FromIterator<&'a str> for String[src]

impl<'a> FromIterator<Cow<'a, str>> for String[src]

impl<'a> FromIterator<char> for Cow<'a, str>[src]

impl<'a> FromIterator<String> for Cow<'a, str>[src]

impl<'a, 'b> FromIterator<&'b str> for Cow<'a, str>[src]

impl<'a, T> FromIterator<T> for Cow<'a, [T]> where
    T: Clone, [src]

impl<A> FromIterator<A> for Box<[A]>[src]

impl<A> FromIterator<A> for VecDeque<A>[src]

impl<A, E, V> FromIterator<Result<A, E>> for Result<V, E> where
    V: FromIterator<A>, [src]

fn from_iter<I>(iter: I) -> Result<V, E> where
    I: IntoIterator<Item = Result<A, E>>, [src]

Takes each element in the Iterator: if it is an Err, no further elements are taken, and the Err is returned. Should no Err occur, a container with the values of each Result is returned.

Here is an example which increments every integer in a vector, checking for overflow:

let v = vec![1, 2];
let res: Result<Vec<u32>, &'static str> = v.iter().map(|x: &u32|
    x.checked_add(1).ok_or("Overflow!")
).collect();
assert_eq!(res, Ok(vec![2, 3]));Run

Here is another example that tries to subtract one from another list of integers, this time checking for underflow:

let v = vec![1, 2, 0];
let res: Result<Vec<u32>, &'static str> = v.iter().map(|x: &u32|
    x.checked_sub(1).ok_or("Underflow!")
).collect();
assert_eq!(res, Err("Underflow!"));Run

Here is a variation on the previous example, showing that no further elements are taken from iter after the first Err.

let v = vec![3, 2, 1, 10];
let mut shared = 0;
let res: Result<Vec<u32>, &'static str> = v.iter().map(|x: &u32| {
    shared += x;
    x.checked_sub(2).ok_or("Underflow!")
}).collect();
assert_eq!(res, Err("Underflow!"));
assert_eq!(shared, 6);Run

Since the third element caused an underflow, no further elements were taken, so the final value of shared is 6 (= 3 + 2 + 1), not 16.

impl<A, V> FromIterator<Option<A>> for Option<V> where
    V: FromIterator<A>, [src]

fn from_iter<I>(iter: I) -> Option<V> where
    I: IntoIterator<Item = Option<A>>, [src]

Takes each element in the Iterator: if it is None, no further elements are taken, and the None is returned. Should no None occur, a container with the values of each Option is returned.

Examples

Here is an example which increments every integer in a vector. We use the checked variant of add that returns None when the calculation would result in an overflow.

let items = vec![0_u16, 1, 2];

let res: Option<Vec<u16>> = items
    .iter()
    .map(|x| x.checked_add(1))
    .collect();

assert_eq!(res, Some(vec![1, 2, 3]));Run

As you can see, this will return the expected, valid items.

Here is another example that tries to subtract one from another list of integers, this time checking for underflow:

let items = vec![2_u16, 1, 0];

let res: Option<Vec<u16>> = items
    .iter()
    .map(|x| x.checked_sub(1))
    .collect();

assert_eq!(res, None);Run

Since the last element is zero, it would underflow. Thus, the resulting value is None.

Here is a variation on the previous example, showing that no further elements are taken from iter after the first None.

let items = vec![3_u16, 2, 1, 10];

let mut shared = 0;

let res: Option<Vec<u16>> = items
    .iter()
    .map(|x| { shared += x; x.checked_sub(2) })
    .collect();

assert_eq!(res, None);
assert_eq!(shared, 6);Run

Since the third element caused an underflow, no further elements were taken, so the final value of shared is 6 (= 3 + 2 + 1), not 16.

impl<K, V> FromIterator<(K, V)> for BTreeMap<K, V> where
    K: Ord, [src]

impl<K, V, S> FromIterator<(K, V)> for std::collections::HashMap<K, V, S> where
    K: Eq + Hash,
    S: BuildHasher + Default, [src]

impl<P: AsRef<Path>> FromIterator<P> for PathBuf[src]

impl<T> FromIterator<T> for BinaryHeap<T> where
    T: Ord, [src]

impl<T> FromIterator<T> for BTreeSet<T> where
    T: Ord, [src]

impl<T> FromIterator<T> for LinkedList<T>[src]

impl<T> FromIterator<T> for Rc<[T]>[src]

fn from_iter<I>(iter: I) -> Rc<[T]> where
    I: IntoIterator<Item = T>, [src]

Takes each element in the Iterator and collects it into an Rc<[T]>.

Performance characteristics

The general case

In the general case, collecting into Rc<[T]> is done by first collecting into a Vec<T>. That is, when writing the following:

let evens: Rc<[u8]> = (0..10).filter(|&x| x % 2 == 0).collect();Run

this behaves as if we wrote:

let evens: Rc<[u8]> = (0..10).filter(|&x| x % 2 == 0)
    .collect::<Vec<_>>() // The first set of allocations happens here.
    .into(); // A second allocation for `Rc<[T]>` happens here.Run

This will allocate as many times as needed for constructing the Vec<T> and then it will allocate once for turning the Vec<T> into the Rc<[T]>.

Iterators of known length

When your Iterator implements TrustedLen and is of an exact size, a single allocation will be made for the Rc<[T]>. For example:

let evens: Rc<[u8]> = (0..10).collect(); // Just a single allocation happens here.Run

impl<T> FromIterator<T> for Arc<[T]>[src]

fn from_iter<I>(iter: I) -> Arc<[T]> where
    I: IntoIterator<Item = T>, [src]

Takes each element in the Iterator and collects it into an Arc<[T]>.

Performance characteristics

The general case

In the general case, collecting into Arc<[T]> is done by first collecting into a Vec<T>. That is, when writing the following:

let evens: Arc<[u8]> = (0..10).filter(|&x| x % 2 == 0).collect();Run

this behaves as if we wrote:

let evens: Arc<[u8]> = (0..10).filter(|&x| x % 2 == 0)
    .collect::<Vec<_>>() // The first set of allocations happens here.
    .into(); // A second allocation for `Arc<[T]>` happens here.Run

This will allocate as many times as needed for constructing the Vec<T> and then it will allocate once for turning the Vec<T> into the Arc<[T]>.

Iterators of known length

When your Iterator implements TrustedLen and is of an exact size, a single allocation will be made for the Arc<[T]>. For example:

let evens: Arc<[u8]> = (0..10).collect(); // Just a single allocation happens here.Run

impl<T> FromIterator<T> for Vec<T>[src]

impl<T, S> FromIterator<T> for std::collections::HashSet<T, S> where
    T: Eq + Hash,
    S: BuildHasher + Default, [src]

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